|
Purpose & ObjectivesThis is a SETSIG sponsored workshop.Technology provides a new opportunity to improve the reading and writing skills of all students across all grade levels. In an age of learning standards and adequate yearly progress (AYP), students in K-12 education are consistently being challenged to demonstrate increasingly complex performance in a variety of academic areas. Students come to the classroom representing a wide variety of backgrounds, experiences, skills and abilities. Responding to the educational needs of all students, teachers and school systems are often faced with the reality of finding the means to provide the necessary supports and motivators to successfully engage the student in the curriculum. The purpose of this workshop is to provide participants with hands-on experiences using accessible desktop and online technologies that can provide needed supports for diverse learners in acquiring independent learning skills. Specifically, the technologies used in the hands-on activities during this workshop will help teachers understand how to differentiate instruction to meet the individual needs of students within the areas of reading and writing. Each presenter brings a broad range of experiences related to strategically integrating technologies in the classroom to support students in acquiring learning and literacy skills. Furthermore, the presenters have conducted research related to using technology to support students in the classroom and will ground the workshop within the findings of this research and evidence from the larger literature base. Each participant will gain knowledge and understanding not only related to accessible technologies but also an understanding of the research that has been conducted to support the use of these technologies. Through hands-on activities and examples of the practical application of these technologies, participants will develop the skills necessary to quickly and effectively implement these accessible tools in the classroom. The tools that will be used are MSOffice, Inspiration, Kidspiration, Natural Reader, Word Web and “no cost” online tools. At the conclusion of the workshop, participants will 1) gain insight into the challenges that students have in reading and writing and the accessible technologies that can support effective research-based instructional strategies in the classroom, 2) learn how to use accessible desktop and online tools to differentiate their instruction to support literacy (reading and writing) skills for all students, 3) gain an understanding in how to assist diverse learners in acquiring independent reading and writing skills by using accessible desktop and online tools; 4) identify no cost and low cost, and other technologies that are readily available and accessible that can support students' learning skills within reading and writing; 5) understand the steps that they could be taken to improve literacy skills in their schools using accessible desktop and online tools.
OutlineMorning Introductions (15 minutes) PowerPoint Presentation: Overview of The Accessible Desktop and Online Tools to Differentiate Instruction in Reading (45 minutes) Hands-on Activity 1: Tools to Support Reading Comprehension in the Content Areas (30-45 minutes) Hands-on Activity 2: Universal Instructional Strategy in Using Visuals for Content Vocabulary Instruction (30-45 Minutes) Review of Tools and Strategies (15 minutes) Lunch Afternoon PowerPoint Presentation: Overview of The Accessible Software and Online Tools to Differentiate Instruction inWriting (45 minutes) Hands-on Activity 3: Tools to Support Organization of Writing in the Content Areas (30-45 minutes) Hands-on Activity 4: Universal Instructional Strategy in Using Accessible Tools for Writing (30-45 Minutes) Review of Tools and Strategies (15 minutes) Recap of the Day Supporting ResearchBiancarosa, G., & Snow, C.E. (2004). Reading next – A vision for action and research in middle and high school literacy: A report to Carnegie Corporation of New York. Washington, DC: Alliance for Excellent Education.National Assessment of Educational Progress. National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). (2001). The condition of education. Appendix 1, Table 29-3. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. National Center for Technology Innovation (NCTI). (2005). "Moving Towards Solutions, Assistive and Learning Technology for All Students”. http://www.nationaltechcenter.org/resources.asp National Reading Panel (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2003). Learning for the 21st Century: A report and mile guide for 21st century skills. [Online report]. Washington, DC: Partnership for 21st Century Skills. International Reading Association. (2002). Integrating Literacy and Technology in the Curriculum: A position statement of the International Reading Association. Newark, Delaware: Author. Bahr, C. M., Nelson, N. W., & Van Meter, A. (1996). The Effects of Text-Based and Graphics-Based Software Tools on Planning and Organizing of Stories. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29(4), 355-370. Baker, S., Gersten, R., & Graham, S. (2003). Teaching Expressive Writing to Students with Learning Disabilities: Research-Based Applications and Examples. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36(2), 109-123. Bangert-Drowns, R. L. (1993). The word processor as an instructional tool: A meta-analysis of word processing in writing instruction. Review of Educational Research, 63(1), 69-93. Berninger, V. W. (1999). Coordinating Transcription and Text Generation in Working Memory during Composing: Automatic and Constructive Processes. Learning Disability Quarterly, 22(2), 99-112. Berninger, V. W., & Amtmann, D. (2003). Preventing written expression disabilities through early and continuing assessment and intervention for handwriting and/or spelling problems: Research into practice. In H. L. Swanson, S. Graham & K. R. Harris (Eds.), Handbook of Special Education Research (pp. 345-363). New York: Guilford Press. Cochran-Smith, M. (1991). Word processing and wrting in elementary classsrooms: A critical review of the literature. Reveiw of Educational Research, 61(1), 107-155. Danoff, B., Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1993). Incorporating Strategy Instruction within the Writing Process in the Regular Classroom: Effects on the Writing of Students with and without Learning Disabilities. Journal of reading behavior, 25(3), 295-319. De La Paz, S. (1999a). Composing via Dictation and Speech Recognition Systems: Compensatory Technology for Students with Learning Disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 22(3), 173-182. De La Paz, S. (1999b). Teaching Writing Strategies and Self-Regulation Procedures to Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities. Focus on Exceptional Children, 31(5), 1-16. De La Paz, S., & Graham, S. (1997a). Effects of Dictation and Advanced Planning Instruction on the Composing of Students with Writing and Learning Problems. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(2), 203-222. De La Paz, S., & Graham, S. (1997b). Strategy Instruction in Planning: Effects on the Writing Performance and Behavior of Students with Learning Difficulties. Exceptional Children, 63(2), 167-181. Englert, C. S., & Raphael, T. E. (1989). Developing successful writers through cognitive strategy instruction. In J. E. Brophy (Ed.), Advances in research in teaching (Vol. 1, pp. 105-151). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Englert, C. S., Raphael, T. E., Anderson, L. M., Anthony, H. M., & Stevens, D. D. (1991). Making Strategies and Self-Talk Visible: Writing Instruction in Regular and Special Education Classrooms. American educational research journal, 28(2), 337-372. Englert, C. S., Wu, X., & Zhao, Y. (2005). Cognitive Tools for Writing: Scaffolding the Performance of Students through Technology. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 20(3), 184-198. Gersten, R., & Baker, S. (2001). Teaching writing to students with learning disabilities: A meta-analysis. The Elementary School Journal, 101, 251-272. Graham, S. (1990). The Role of Production Factors in Learning Disabled Students' Compositions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(4), 781-791. Graham, S., Berninger, V. W., Abbott, R. D., Abbott, S. P., & Whittaker, D. (1997). Role of Mechanics in Composing of Elementary School Students: A New Methodological Approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1), 170-182. Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1989a). Components Analysis of Cognitive Strategy Instruction: Effects on Learning Disabled Students' Compositions and Self-Efficacy. Journal of educational psychology, 81(3), 353-361. Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1989b). Improving Learning Disabled Students' Skills at Composing Essays: Self-Instructional Strategy Training. Exceptional Children, 56(3), 201-214. Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (2000). The Role of Self-Regulation and Transcription Skills in Writing and Writing Development. Educational Psychologist, 35(1), 3-12. Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (2003). Students with learning disabilities and the process of writing: A meta-analysis of of SRSD studies. In H. L. Swanson, S. Graham & K. R. Harris (Eds.), Handbook of Learning Disabilities (pp. 323-344). New York: Guilford Press. Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (2005). Writing better: Effective strategies for teaching students with learning difficulties. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes. Graham, S., Harris, K. R., & MacArthur, C. A. (2006). Explicitly teaching struggling writers: Strategies for mastering the writing process. Intervention in School and Clinic, 41(5), 290-294. Graham, S., MacArthur, C. A., Schwartz, S. S., & Page-Voth, V. (1992). Improving the Compositions of Students with Learning Disabilities Using a Strategy Involving Product and Process Goal Setting. Exceptional Children, 58(4), 322-334. Graves, A., & Montague, M. (1991). Using Story Grammar Cueing to Improve the Writing of Students with Learning Disabilities. Learning disabilities research & practice, 6(4), 246. Graves, A., Montague, M., & Wong, Y.-L. (1990). The Effects of Procedural Facilitation on the Story Composition of Learning Disabled Students. Learning Disabilities Research, 5(2), 88-93. Hallenbeck, M. J. (1996). The Cognitive Strategy in Writing: Welcome Relief for Adolescents with Learning Disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 11(2), 107-119. Hetzroni, O. E., & Shrieber, B. (2004). Word processing as an assistive technology tool for enhancing academic outcomes of students with writing disabilities in the general classroom. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 37(2), 143-154. Hunt-Berg, M., & Rankin, J. L. (1994). Ponder the Possibilities: Computer-Supported Writing for Struggling Writers. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 9(3), 169-178. Isaacson, S., & Gleason, M. M. (1997). Mechanical Obstacles To Writing: What Can Teachers Do To Help Students with Learning Problems? Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 12(3), 188-194. Jacobi, C. (1986). Word processing for special needs students: Is there really a gain? Educational Technology, 26, 36-39. Jankowski, L. (1998). Educational Computing: Why Use a Computer for Writing? Learning and Leading with Technology, 25(6), 30-33. Jones, I. (1994). The Effect of a Word Processor on the Written Composition of Second-Grade Pupils. Computers in the Schools, 11(2), 43-54. Kerchner, L. B., & Kistinger, B. J. (1984). Language Processing/Word Processing: Written Expression, Computers and Learning Disabled Students. Learning disability quarterly, 7(4), 329. Koester, H. H., & Levine, S. P. (1996). Effect of a word prediction feature on user performance. AAC: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Vol 12(3) Sep 1996, 155-168. Langone, J., Levine, B., Clees, T. J., Malone, M., & Koorland, M. A. (1996). The Differential Effects of a Typing Tutor and Microcomputer-Based Word Processing on the Writing Samples of Elementary Students with Behavior Disorders. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 29(2), 141-158. Langone, J., Willis, C., & Malone, D. M. (1994/1995). Effects of computer-based word processing versus paper/pencil activities on the paragraph construction of elementary students with learning disabilities. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 27(2), 171-183. Lewis, R. B., Graves, A. W., Ashton, T. M., & Kieley, C. L. (1998). Word Processing Tools for Students with Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Strategies To Increase Text Entry Speed. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 13(2), 95-108. MacArthur, C. A. (1996). Using Technology to Enhance the Writing Processes of Students with Learning Disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29(4), 344-354. MacArthur, C. A. (1998a). From Illegible to Understandable: How Word Recognition and Speech Synthesis Can Help. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 30(6), 66-71. MacArthur, C. A. (1998b). Word Processing with Speech Synthesis and Word Prediction: Effects on the Dialogue Journal Writing of Students with Learning Disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 21(2), 151-166. MacArthur, C. A. (1999a). Overcoming Barriers to Writing: Computer Support for Basic Writing Skills. Reading and Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties, 15(2), 169-192. MacArthur, C. A. (1999b). Word Prediction for Students with Severe Spelling Problems. Learning Disability Quarterly, 22(3), 158-172. MacArthur, C. A. (2000). New Tools for Writing: Assistive Technology for Students with Writing Difficulties. Topics in Language Disorders, 20(4), 85-100. MacArthur, C. A., Ferretti, R., Okolo, C., & Cavalier, A. (2001). Technology applications for students with literacy problems: A critical review. Elementary School Journal, 101, 273-301. MacArthur, C. A., & Graham, S. (1987). Learning Disabled Students' Composing under Three Methods of Text Production: Handwriting, Word Processing, and Dictation. The Journal of special education, 21(3), 22. MacArthur, C. A., Graham, S., & Schwartz, S. S. (1993). Integrating Strategy Instruction and Word Processing into a Process Approach to Writing Instruction. School Psychology Review, 22(4), 671-681. MacArthur, C. A., Graham, S., Schwartz, S. S., & Schafer, W. (1995). Evaluation of a Writing Instruction Model That Integrated a Process Approach, Strategy Instruction, and Word Processing. Learning Disability Quarterly, 18(4), 278-291. MacArthur, C. A., Schwartz, S. S., & Graham, S. (1991). A Model for Writing Instruction: Integrating Word Processing and Strategy Instruction into a Process Approach to Writing. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 6(4), 230-236. MacArthur, C. A., & Shneiderman, B. (1986). Learning Disabled Students' Difficulties in Learning to Use a Word Processor: Implications for Instruction and Software Evaluation. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19(4), 248-253. Montague, M., Graves, A., & Leavell, A. G. (1991). Planning, procedural facilitation, and narrative composition of junior high students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 6, 219-224. Montague, M., & Leavell, A. G. (1994). Improving the Narrative Writing of Students with Learning Disabilities. Remedial and Special Education (RASE), 15(1), 21-33. Neuman, S. B., & Cobb-Morroco, C. (1987/1988). Writing with word processors for remedial students. The Computing Teacher(December/January), 45-47, 61. Neuman, S. B., & Morocco, C. C. (1987). Two hands is hard for me: keyboarding and learning disabled children. Educational Technology, 27, 36-38. Newcomer, P. L., & Barenbaum, E. M. (1991). The Written Composing Ability of Children with Learning Disabilities: A Review of the Literature from 1980 to 1990. Journal of learning disabilities, 24(10), 578. Newell, A. F., Arnott, J. L., Booth, L., Beattie, W., & et al. (1992). Effect of the "PAL" word prediction system on the quality and quantity of text generation. AAC: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Vol 8(4) Dec 1992, 304-311. Nichols, L. M. (1995). A Comparison of Two Methods for Teaching Keyboarding in the Elementary School. Computers in the Schools, 11(4), 15-25. Nichols, L. M. (1996). Pencil and Paper Versus Word Processing: A Comparative Study of Creative Writing in the Elementary School. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 29(2), 159-166. Outhred, L. (1989). Word Processing: Its Impact on Children's Writing. Journal of learning disabilities, 22(4), 262-264. Raphael, T. E., & Englert, C. S. (1990). Reading and writing: Partners in constructing meaning. The Reading Teacher, 43, 388-400. Sawyer, R., Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1992). Direct Teaching, Strategy Instruction, and Strategy Instruction With Explicit Self-Regulation: Effects on the Composition Skills and Self-Efficacy of Students With Learning Disabilities. Journal of educational psychology, 84(3), 340-352. Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1986). Written composition. In M. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 778-803). NY: Macmillan. Schwartz, S. S., & MacArthur, C. A. (1990). Creating a Community of Writers: The Computers and Writing Instruction Project. Preventing School Failure, 34(4), 9-13. Seawel, L., Smaldino, S. E., Steele, J. L., & Lewis, J. Y. (1994). A Descriptive Study Comparing Computer-Based Word Processing and Handwriting on Attitudes and Performance of Third and Fourth Grade Students Involved in a Program Based on a Process Approach to Writing. Journal of Computing in Childhood Education, 5(1), 43-59. Sexton, M., Harris, K. R., & Graham, S. (1998). Self-Regulated Strategy Development and the Writing Process: Effects on Essay Writing and Attributions. Exceptional children, 64(3), 295. Shaw, E. L. J., Nauman, A. K., & Burson, D. (1994). Comparison of Spontaneous and Word Processed Compositions in Elementary Classrooms: A Three-Year Study. Journal of Computing in Childhood Education, 5(3-4), 319-327. Sturm, J. M., & Rankin-Erickson, J. L. (2002). Effects of Hand-Drawn and Computer-Generated Concept Mapping on the Expository Writing of Middle School Students with Learning Disabilities. Learning Disabilities: Research & Practice, 17(2), 124-139. Troia, G. A., & Graham, S. (2002). The Effectiveness of A Highly Explicit, Teacher-Directed Strategy Instruction Routine: Changing the Writing Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35(4), 290-305. Troia, G. A., Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1999). Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities To Mindfully Plan When Writing. Exceptional Children, 65(2), 235-252. Utay, C., & Utay, J. (1997). Peer-Assisted Learning: The Effects of Cooperative Learning and Cross-Age Peer Tutoring with Word Processing on Writing Skills of Students with Learning Disabilities. Journal of Computing in Childhood Education, 8(2/3), 165-185. Vacc, N. N. (1987). Word Processor versus Handwriting: A Comparative Study of Writing Samples Produced by Mildly Mentally Handicapped Students. Exceptional Children, 54(2), 156-165. Weintraub, N., & Graham, S. (1998). Writing Legibly and Quickly: A Study of Children's Ability to Adjust Their Handwriting to Meet Common Classroom Demands. Learning Disabilities: Research & Practice, 13(3), 146-152. Welch, M. (1992). The PLEASE Strategy: A Metacognitive Learning Strategy for Improving the Paragraph Writing of Students with Mild Learning Disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 15(2), 119-128. Williams, S. C. (2002). How Speech-Feedback and Word-Prediction Software Can Help Students Write. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 34(3), 72-78. Wolfe, E. W., Bolton, S., Feltovich, B., & Bangert, A. W. (1996). A Study of Word Processing Experience and Its Effects on Student Essay Writing. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 14(3), 269-283. Wolfe, E. W., Bolton, S., Feltovich, B., & Niday, D. M. (1996). The Influence of Student Experience with Word Processors on the Quality of Essays Written for a Direct Writing Assessment. Assessing Writing, 3(2), 123-147. Zhang, Y. (2000). Technology and the Writing Skills of Students with Learning Disabilities. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 32(4), 467-478. Zhang, Y., Brooks, D. W., Fields, T., & Redelfs, M. (1995). Quality of Writing by Elementary Students with Learning Disabilities. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 27(4), 483-499. Zipprich, M. A. (1995). Teaching Web Making as a Guided Planning Tool to Improve Student Narrative Writing. Remedial and Special Education, 16(1), 3-15,52. Presenter BackgroundKathleen H. McClaskey, President of Ed Tech Associates, is an educational and assistive technology consultant, with over 24 years experience as a teacher, technology integration specialist, K-12 technology director and professional developer. She is graduate instructor at Plymouth State University and Cambridge College teaching both online and onsite courses in educational and assistive technologies. In her consulting business, she offers onsite consultation and professional development services and workshops to schools on using desktop and online technology tools to improve outcomes for diverse learners and in leveraging technology investments for student achievement. She is a frequent national and regional workshop presenter and professional development trainer on topics that include technology for diverse learners and the role of technology to improve outcomes for all students. In 2007, EdTech Associates was awarded a New Hampshire Math and Science Partnership grant that includes an inquiry-based science model using Universal Design for Learning principles. In the past six years she has presented at the TRLD Conference, the International Dyslexia Association Conference, LDA of America Conference, the National Education Computing Conference (NECC 2005 and 2007)and numerous regional and state conferences in the northeast. Please visit her website for a complete listing of presentations and workshops that she has given. www.edtech-associates.comBrian Wojcik is the Coordinator of the Special Education Assistive Technology Center (SEAT) at Illinois State University. As an educator, Brian has been integrating technology to meet the needs of students with diverse learning needs for over a decade. In his current position, Brian works with over 2000 pre-service teacher education students annually and over 1500 practicing education professionals developing strategies to learn and integrate technology into the classroom to support the learning needs of a variety of students. He has presented internationally on the topics of assistive technology, pre-service teacher education, technology integration, intervention and intervention assessment, and curriculum technology supports. Sean J. Smith, Ph.D., Associate Professor, is a faculty member in the Department of Special Education at the University of Kansas with over 20 years experience as a teacher, technology integration specialist, researcher, and the developer of technology-based solutions for teachers and students, especially those with learning challenges. For the past nine years, he has been on faculty at the University of Kansas where he has authored over 30 articles and chapters, been a co-author in a Best Selling Introduction to Exceptional Learners textbook (see Turnbull and Turnbull’s Exceptional Lives), collaborated with fellow researchers in securing over six million dollars in federal and state grants to develop, research, and implement the use of technology across the K-12 and higher education setting, and served on various National Boards including the Council for Exceptional Children’s Division for Learning Disabilities, Teacher Education Division, and the Technology and Media Division. As a past Co-Editor for the Journal of Special Education Technology, Dr. Smith has focused attention on technology integration and most recently completed a year long Post-Doctoral Fellow with the University of Florida’s Center Personnel Studies in Special Education (COPSSE). Dr. Smith is a frequent regional and national workshop presenter and is currently the State of Kansas Assistive Technology Facilitator for the Kansas Infinitec Coalition focused on technology integration for ALL Learners. For a copy of his vita and more information on his work, please visit the his website located within KU’s Department of Special Education: http://soe.ku.edu/sped/faculty_staff/SmithSean.php
|